课程短文

But with opportunity comes responsibility.

但是，随着机遇而来的便是责任。此句为倒装句，主语responsibility 置于谓语动词comes之后，with opportunity前置，是为了强调“机遇”，与短文第一句“We live in an age full of opportunities”相呼应。以伴随状语开头（With或Along with放在句首）时，句子可以倒装。例如：With globalization have come many problems. 全球化带来许多问题。

... you'll need to have a deep understanding of yourself —not only what your strengths and weaknesses are, but also how you learn, how you work with others ...

你需要对自己有一个深刻的了解，不仅仅是你的优缺点，还有你的学习方式，你与人共事的方式......not only ... but also ...用于连接两个表示对等、并列关系的成分，意为“不仅......而且......”，着重强调后者。例如：His speech not only broke the ice, but also aroused everyone's interest. 他的发言不仅打破了冷场, 而且引起了大家的兴趣。not only ... but also ...中的also通常可以省略, 有时甚至but also 一并省略。

... only when you operate from strength can you achieve true excellence.

只有当你充分发挥自己的长处时，你才能做到真正优秀。这是一个倒装句型，only前置于句首，主句中的情态动词can 置于主语you之前，还原后的结构是：you can achieve true excellence only when you ... （只有当......的时候）。当“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”放在句首时，主句倒装。例如：Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有病得很重时，他才卧床休息。

Now, most of us, even those of us with modest talents, will have to learn to manage ourselves.

现在，我们中的大多数人，即使智力平平，也都得学会自我管理。even是副词，放在它所强调的词、短语或从句前，用来加强语气，表示“即使，甚至连......都......”之意。modest 普通的，一般的。

Traditionally we had people at the first level on the shop floor, manufacturing products according to the instructions which they were given.

以往，我们车间里的一线员工按照指令生产产品。shop floor 车间，工作场所。例如：Cost must be controlled, not just on the shop floor but in the boardroom too. 必须控制成本，不仅仅是在生产车间，在董事会层面也要控制。

The structure today is that we form teams within teams to place people who can manufacture a product.

现在的结构是，我们在团队内组建小团队，安排能够生产同一产品的人员在其中。本句中that引导表语从句；who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。整个句子从句较多，学习时要注意分析句子结构。

12.Staffing also involves the management of employees on matters like monitoring of holidays, absences, health and safety, disciplinary action, and dismissal.

人事工作也包含对员工的管理，如休假、缺勤、健康与安全、纪律处分和解雇等事项。involve 包含，涉及。

例如：Don't involve me in your quarrel! 不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！

13. The training of employees to enable them to improve their career development is very important.

提升员工职业发展能力的培训是十分重要的。

enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事。

例如：The measures will enable us to double our output of the products. 这些措施能使我们的产品产量加倍。

14. Good HRM policies ensure that there are clear regulations which show the pay levels for the diff erent positions in an organization.

优质的人力资源管理能够保证公司有明确的制度实行以岗定薪。

ensure 确保，保证；使（某人）获得。

例如：This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep. 这种药将保证你一晚上睡眠良好。

that 引导宾语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰regulations。

15. performance management

绩效管理。绩效管理是指管理者与员工之间就目标与如何实现目标达成共识，并在此基础上，通过激励和帮助员工取得优异绩效来实现组织目标的管理方法。

A credit card is an interest free short-term loan.

信用卡是短期的无息贷款。interest free 免息的，short-term 短期的，它们共同作定语。long-term / short-term loan 长（短）期贷款。

That is no way of saving money.

那绝不是省钱的办法。no way of ... 绝非；没有办法。例如：In fact, most companies have no way to measure the cost or the value of them. 事实上，大部分公司没法衡量它们的成本和价值。

When you know that you can't afford an activity, don't give in.

当你知道自己负担不起活动开销时，就别被诱惑了。这里，give in的对象是前文提到的a few guilty pleasures，即“屈服于这些'负罪感的快乐'”。afford买得起，担负得起。它通常与can, could, be able to连用，用于否定句或疑问句中。例如：They couldn't afford $50for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。Can I afford it? 我能够买得起它吗？afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。例如：We can't afford to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。give in (to sb. / sth.) 屈服，让步。例如：If they give in before the time is up, there's a “Just Gave In” button. 如果他们想提前退出，这里有“退出”键。

There is absolutely nothing wrong with this, as long as you don't go overboard.

只要不超过预算，这件事就没有任何错。there is nothing wrong with ...没有任何问题，没有什么不对的。例如：It is a tightly controlled family company but there's nothing wrong with that. 它是一个管控严格的家族企业，但这没什么不对。as long as只要，如果。在表示on condition that, provided that或if 时，用as long as或so long as都可以；在表示“既然，因为”时，多用as long as。例如：You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before 11o'clock. 你可以出去,只要你答应在11点以前回来As long as you are going, I'll go too. 既然你要去，那么我也要去。go overboard本义为“穿越船舷落水”，这里引申为“超过预算”。

.. you'll feel even better when you don't have to spend the next two years trying to pay it off with 20% interest.

当你随后两年不用被迫还清附加20%高利息的债务时，感觉会更好。pay off付清（费用、债务）。例如：pay off the debts还清债务。

Without good budget management, you are likely to overspend on marketing accidentally.

如果你不做好预算管理，可能做营销时不小心就超支了。be likely to 可能的，要发生的，有倾向的。例如：But the boss said we were likely to work overtime today.但是，老板说我们今天很可能要加班。overspend 超支。例如：Don't overspend on your home and expect to get the money back when you sell.不要在买房子上超支，并指望以后出售时把钱赚回来。over是一个比较活跃的前缀，常与名词、动词或形容词一起构成合成词或派生词，如 overheads, overspend, overtake, overcome等，含有“过多，过度，超过”等意思，词义随另一个词而定。例如：overwork 过度工作，overtime 加班，overhear 无意间听到，overreact过度反应。

…the mnimum amount of money your company makes each month.

公司每月的最低收入。minimum amount 最低金额；maximum amount 最大金额。

A realistic budget plan will always focus on the income that exceeds the expenses ...

一份切实可行的预算方案重点要做到收入大于支出......focus on 聚焦于，专注于，致力于。例如：Many firms are focusing on increasing their markets overseas. 许多公司都专注于扩大海外市场。exceed 超过，超越。例如：We can't exceed the speed limit.我们不能超速。

To minimize traffic jams in the city center and on major roads out of Sydney...

为了减少悉尼市中心和主要道路的交通堵塞......to minimize ... 是动词不定式短语位于句首作目的状语。例如：To learn English well, we should often practice listening, speaking, reading and writing. 为了学好英语，我们应该常练习听、说、读、写。

You must apply for approval to do roadwork and other road-related activities ...

你只有在申请获批后，才能进行道路施工及与道路有关的活动......apply for（正式）申请，求（职），要求（工作等）。例如：Over two hundred people applied for the job.有超过200人申请了这份工作。road-related与道路有关的。这是名词与动词的过去分词一起构成的新形容词。又如：street-based街头的，man-made人造的。

Please note that approval is needed if you plan to block the road or footpath.

请注意，如果计划封锁道路或人行道，是需要获得批准才能进行的。note注意。这里是动词。例如：Please note that you don't need to respond directly to this message. 请注意，你不必直接回复此信息。Suddenly, I noted that the car had stopped. 突然，我注意到车子已经停了。

Applications to have a road closed to traffic must be completed and sent to the Department's Traffic Calming Committee at least a month before the scheduled date.

道路交通封闭申请必须在离预定日期至少一个月之前提交给政府交通稳静化委员会。这句话的主语是Applications, 谓语是must be completed and sent ...。to have a road closed to traffic是不定式短语作定语，修饰applications。例如：He bought a magazine to read during the long journey. 他买了一本杂志在长途旅行中阅读。Traffic Calming交通稳静化，是道路设计中减速技术的总称，即通过道路系统的硬设施（如物理措施等）及软设施（如政策、立法、技术标准等）降低机动车对居民生活质量及环境产生的负面影响。

Any change of traffic flow will require the proposal to be treated as a full road closure.

以任何方式改变交通流量都被视为全面封路，需要提交申请。该句中，动词不定式短语to be treated as a full road closure用作宾语补足语。例如：He wanted the job to be done as soon as possible.他希望工作尽快完成。

Choosing an existing route reduces the amount of planning you will need to do.

选择一条现有的（游行等）线路，会使你要做的准备工作减少很多。动名词短语choosing an existing route在句中作主语。例如：Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 阅读使人充实，谈论使人机智，写作使人精确。

Plans for 45 roads within the CBD have been approved, measuring 41.5 kilometers in total.

在CBD内新建45条道路的规划已获批准，总长度为41.5千米。当measure用作动词时，如果主语是人，其意思是“测量，估量”；如果主语是物，则指“（长度、宽度、数量的）数值为”。例如：He measured the length and width of the gap. 他测量了一下这条缝隙的长与宽。The house is more than twenty meters long and measures six meters in width.这座房子长20多，宽6米。in total 总共，总计。例如：In total, we plan to shut down at least 800 data centers. 我们计划总共关闭至少800个数据中心。These products, in total, account for about 80% of all our sales. 这些产品总共约占我们全部销售额的80%。

The first underground floor is set aside mainly for pedestrians and commercial facilities, while the second underground floor is planned for parking.

地下一层主要用于行人和商业设施，而地下二层计划为停车场。注意该句中while作并列连词用，表对比，意为“而......”。例如：Most cinema-goers are young people, while the old people prefer watching TV at home. 大多数年轻人喜欢去电影院看电影，而老年人偏爱在家看电视。set aside 留出；存（钱），划拨（钱）。例如：£ 130million would be set aside for repairs to schools. 将划拨1.3亿英镑用于学校的修缮。

he city has also invested 140 million yuan to set up a traffic inquiry system, through which the public can check traffic conditions online and see the most convenient routes on their GPS system.

北京市还投资1.4亿元建立了一个交通查询系统，通过这个系统，市民可以在网上查询交通状况，在GPS系统上查到最方便的路线。through which是“介词+关系代词”结构，在此处引导非限制性定语从句来修饰限定先行词system。关系代词作介词宾语时，常常把介词置于关系代词之前。介词的选择取决于其与作先行词的名词、代词的搭配，或与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。Frank's dream was to have his own shop in which he could sell the workings of his own hands. 弗兰克的梦想是拥有一家可以销售自己的手工制品的商店。

A question that often troubles food companies is how to control problems like rats and insects without harming the food.

经常困扰食品公司的一个问题是，如何控制老鼠和昆虫，同时又不会对食物造成破坏。下文中还有一句：Containers for raw materials such as rice, wheat, etc. should be kept closed and clean.储存大米、小麦等原材料的容器应封闭好，并保持清洁。这两句话中的like和such as都用于举例。例如：Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish．有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。Some warm-blooded animals, like / such as the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to hibernate．一些温血动物，像猫、狗或狼都不需要冬眠。

Storage areas should be kept dry and clean.

存储区域应保持干燥和清洁。dry and clean 是形容词短语作主语补足语。例如：I find learning English difficult. 我觉得英语很难学。

. . . to deny pests a place to live.

不给害虫生存的空间。deny sb. sth. 剥夺某人关于某事的权利。注意，这里动词deny后接的是双宾语。又如：He denies his son nothing. = He denies nothing to his son. 他对儿子总是有求必应。

Supervisors should make a list of pest control measures to be taken by employees.

管理者应当给员工列出需要采取的害虫防治措施。to be taken by employees是动词不定式的被动语态作定语，修饰限定前面的名词measures。take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事。例如：The government has taken measures to improve the economy. 政府已采取措施改善经济。Not knowing what proper measures to be taken to deal with the situation, he wrote to his lawyer for advice. 不知道该采取什么措施应付这种局面，他给律师写信求助。

With the recent focus on customer privacy, door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other people's lives.

随着近来对客户隐私的重视，上门探访似乎成了对他人生活的入侵。此处，focus（注意力或兴趣的）中心，焦点（参见本单元注释3），为名词。例如：We shall maintain our focus on the needs of our community. 我们将继续重点关注社区的需求。

But those who try it for the first time are usually surprised by the pleasant reception they receive.

但是，第一次尝试的人们往往会为其受到的友好接待而感到惊讶。此句含有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句who try it for the first time修饰those；it上文中提到的door-knocking；for the first time第一次，首次，在句中作状语。例如：For the first time I felt regret and sorrow. 我第一次感到后悔和难过。... are usually surprised by the pleasant reception是整句话的谓语部分，为被动语态。they receive是第二个定语从句，修饰the pleasant reception，句中省略了关系代词which / that。

The easiest way to do door-knocking is to try your local area first. Being a neighbor creates an immediate connection with the person answering the door; after that, everything else is easy.

上门探访最容易的方式是从你所在的社区开始。邻居关系能让你与开门人之间很快建立起关系，之后的事情就好办了。being a neighbor（邻居/邻居关系）是动名词短语作句子的主语。例如：Writing an English composition is not easy. 写好英文作文并不简单。answering the door是现在分词短语作定语，修饰the person，可以写为定语从句the person who answers the door。例如：Do you know the young man waiting outside the school gate? 你认识等在校门口的那个年轻人吗？

While volunteers may provide community service, not everyone taking part in a community service program is a volunteer, because not everyone is doing it through their own choice.

虽然志愿者可以提供社区服务，但并不是每一个参与社区服务的人都是志愿者，因为不是每个人都是自愿选择参与服务的。连接词while在句中意思是“虽然，尽管”，与although, despite the fact that同 义。例 如：While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's. 尽管我完全能理解你的观点，但我在一定程度上也赞同迈克尔的看法。现在分词短语taking part in a community service program是后置定语，修饰前面的代词everyone。take part in 参加，参与。例如：All the children took part in the Thanksgiving play this year. 今年，所有的孩子都参加了感恩节的表演。

Sometimes people are asked to do it by their government, as part of a citizenship requirement instead of military service.

有时，政府要求人们从事社区服务来代替服兵役，履行公民的义务。instead of 取代，替代。例如：We just had a light / small meal instead of a heavy / large meal. 我们没有吃丰盛的大餐，只是简单地吃了一顿饭。

Sometimes people are asked to do it by their school, to meet the requirements of a class, or to meet the requirements of graduation, or, in the case of parents, required to provide a certain number of hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team.

有时，为满足课程学习需要或者达到毕业要求，学校会规定学生必须参加数小时的社区服务；有时，学校对家长也有同样的要求，这样他们的孩子才能被学校录取或者加入运动队。介词短语in the case of 表示“至于，......来说”。例如：Failure is no shame in the case of a scientist. 就科学家而言，失败并不是什么羞耻之事。过去分词短语required to provide ... service作定语，修饰前面的名词parents，过去分词作定语时表示被动，可改写为 who are required to provide a certain number of hours of service，说明父母应承担的责任和义务。in order for sb. to do sth. 为了某人能做某事。例如：Further information on tobacco prevention activities is needed in order for the community to get a clear picture. 为了让社区居民全面了解禁烟活动，还需提供更详细的资料。

Community service performed by young people, also known as youth service, is intended to strengthen young peoples' senses of civic engagement and community, and to help them achieve their educational, developmental and social goals.

由年轻人完成的社区服务，也就是青年服务，旨在增强年轻人的公民参与意识与社区参与感，同时也帮助他们实现接受教育、自我发展和参与社会活动等目标。过去分词短语performed by young people作定语，修饰community service。两个并列的不定式结构to strengthen young peoples' senses of civic engagement and community 和to help them achieve their educational, developmental and social goals作目的状语。be intended to do sth. 目的在于，旨在。例如：The course is intended for intermediate-level students to learn about social work. 这门课是为中等水平的学生了解社会工作而开设的。

However, some colleges prefer work experience over community service, and some require that their students also participate in community service in order to graduate.

然而，有的院校更看重学生的工作经验而不是社区服务，有的院校则要求学生参与社区服务才能毕业。prefer更喜欢，宁愿，为及物动词，后跟名词、动名词或不定式。例如：I prefer some apples. / I prefer having (to have) some apples.我更喜欢吃苹果。prefer A over B 喜欢A胜过喜欢B，prefer A to B 在A 和B 中更喜欢A，两者意思相近。例如：I prefer red wine over white. 比起白葡萄酒，我更喜欢红葡萄酒。I prefer cooking at home to eating out.我愿意在家做饭，不愿出去吃。participate in 参加，参与。例如：She never participates in any of our discussions. 她从不参与我们的任何讨论。

Unluckily, some quality management system failures do make headlines.

不幸的是，一些质 量管理系统的失败确实成了头条新闻。英语中，强调谓语动词时，可以用“助动词 do（does / did）+ 动词原形”的结构。例如：Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万） 要小心啊！ To my great joy, the plant did look exactly like what we were looking for. 让我高兴 的是，这个绿植看起来确实正是我们想要的。make headlines 成为媒体的头版头条新闻，这里 headline 通常使用复数形式。

Proper controls that should have been developed as part of routine safety procedures were not in place.

本该开发的作为日常安全程序一部分的恰当的管控措施没有到位。本句中，that引导的定语从句修饰主语 proper controls，其中 should have been developed 为虚拟语气的被动 语态，“should have + 过去分词” 表示与过去事实相反的情况，预期发生但实际上并未发生。 例如： I should have locked the door before I left the classroom. 我应该在离开教室的时候锁上 门（实际情况是我并没有锁门）。

The only new nuclear power stations built since that day were the ones already under construction.

事故之后新建的核电站都是当时已经开工建设的核电站。过去分词短语 built since that day 作后置定语，修饰句子主语 nuclear power stations。又如：The books sold before November had a special discount. 11 月前销售的图书有特别优惠折扣。这句话中的过去分词结 构 sold before November 作后置定语修饰 The books。under construction 正在施工中。

Apparently the entire US auto industry decided to spend the 1970s resting on their laurels after building great cars that sold well during the sixties.

很显然，在 20 世纪 60 年代制造 出质量过硬且销售良好的汽车后，70 年代美国整个汽车工业打定了主意吃老本。spend (time) doing sth. 花（时间）做某事，spend 后接动名词。例如：I spent the whole weekend reading a novel. 我花了整个周末的时间读了一本小说。rest on 依靠；停留在。介词 on 后面接名词。例如： After a long day, he fell asleep resting on the desk. 忙了一整天后，他倚在桌子上睡着了。

Not only were many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designed, they also became very unreliable after 40-50 thousand miles.

20 世纪 70 年代制造的很多汽车不仅外观设计难看，性 能也较差，而且这些汽车在行驶了四五万英里后性能还会变得相当不稳定。not only ... (but) (also) ... 为固定句式，相当于中文的“不仅……而且……”，not only 放在句首接句子时要用 倒装结构，即把谓语提到主语的前面。根据不同句子的语义情况，but 与 also 在使用时可以分 别省略或同时省略，但不影响两个分句间递进语义关系的表达。例如：Not only did she forget my birthday, she also didn't even apologize for forgetting it. 她不仅忘记了我的生日，甚至也没 有道歉。

Apple almost lost its dominance in the smart phone market when it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4.

当发现期待已久的 iPhone 4 打电 话那么困难时，苹果几乎失去了在智能手机市场的主导地位。在时间状语从句 when it became clear ... 中，it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面 that 引导的从句。而在这个 that 引导的从句中， it was difficult to make a call ... 中的 it 也是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构 to make a call ...。用 it 作主语是为了避免主语过长造成头重脚轻，因此将主语放在句末。例如： It is too late to catch up the train. 太晚了，赶不上火车了。

Calls were dropped suddenly and frequently causing wide spread dissatisfaction among loyal customers who had upgraded to the new model early on.

通话会频繁地突然断掉，这引起了刚刚升级到新款手机的忠实客户们的广泛不满。这个句子较长，关键在于理解中间部分 causing wide spread dissatisfaction among loyal customers ...，该部分是现在分词短语作结果状语，指前面提到的 Calls were dropped suddenly and frequently 造成的结果。who had upgraded to the new model early on 是修饰限定 loyal customers 的定语从句，upgrade to ... 提升到……， 升级到……。例如：This tutorial will explain how to upgrade to a newer version of the program. 本次讲座将解释如何将程序升级到更新的版本。

… not a great feature for a handheld device mainly used to make calls. ……

对于一个主要用 于打电话的手持设备来说并不是一个优点。句子开头省略了 It is，it 指上文提到的 touching the left side of the case at a certain spot interrupted the signal and dropped the call，即“触碰手机左 侧某个位置会妨碍信号，导致通话意外中断”。过去分词短语 mainly used to make calls 作为 后置定语修饰 a handheld device。

As the problem continued to make news headlines, Apple eventually agreed to a “voluntary” recall to correct the problem.

由于这个问题连续成为新闻头条，苹果公司终于同意“自 愿”召回并维修问题手机。as 在这里是用作连接原因状语从句的连词，它与同样表示原因的 because 相比语气更弱。as 表示从句中的原因显而易见，或者理由不是很重要，常译为“由于， 鉴于”。

All of the above famous quality management failures could probably have been prevented if the principles of a fully functioning quality management system had been in place.

如果一 套功能完备的质量管理体系的各项准则都落实到位，那么，上述这些众所周知的质量管理事故 可能就不会发生。could probably have been prevented 是虚拟语气的被动语态形式，表示这些 质量管理事故在过去有被阻止的可能性，但并未真正被阻止，后面的 if 从句也表示，这些质 量管理体系的准则并没有落实到位。在 if 引导的条件从句中，谓语动词使用了过去完成式 had been，说明是假设过去的事情，与过去事实不符。例如：I could have finished my homework if I had not been ill last weekend. 如果上周末我没有生病，我就会完成作业了。

His “Fourteen Points” have become the bible for quality control specialists.

他的“十四要点” 已经成为质量控制专业人士的宝典。这里使用现在完成时态表示戴明的思想对今天的质量控制 依然有着深远的影响力。bible 本义是“圣经”，可以引申为“经典，理论根基”，此处用来 比喻“十四要点”在质量控制领域的重要意义。

When the post-war world returned to regular manufacturing, Deming said that inspecting product quality after they were made was unacceptable.

当战后世界恢复正常生产时，戴明 提出，在制造完成后再检查产品质量是不可接受的。此句 Deming said 后为间接引语（indirectspeech），用连词 that 引出被转述的某人的话或想法，在非正式的语境中 that 也可省略。例如： John said he had found out what was wrong with the computer. 约翰说，他弄清楚了计算机的问 题所在。

Improved education and training are key factors in reaching employees and making them believe that their increased participation in the work process is an essential part of improving quality.

不断升级的教育与培训是凝聚员工的关键因素，可以使员工们坚信，自己 的积极参与是提高产品质量的重要环节。reaching 在本句中的意义较为抽象，可以引申理解为 “团结，打成一片，形成凝聚力”。

Although the current epidemic does not cause a significant risk to other nations, many countries, including China and the United States of America, have actually been working closely with the Ebola hit states.

尽管目前疫情仍未给其他国家带来很大的风险，但是，包括中国和美国在内的许多国家，已与遭受埃博拉病毒袭击的国家切实开展了密切合作。此长句为 Although 引导的让步状语从句，主句为 many countries have actually been working closely with the Ebola hit states。在主句中，hit 为过去分词，与 Ebola 一起修饰 states。主句使用现在完成进行时 have been working closely with ... 表示“一直都在密切合作着”，短语 work closely with ... 意 为“ 与 …… 密 切 合 作”。 例 如：The Open University，UK will continue to work closely with China to facilitate the University's long-term development. 英国开放大学和中国将 继续保持紧密联系，携手促进大学的长远发展。从句中的短语 cause a significant risk to ... 意为 “对……造成重大风险”。例如：Overwork and less sleep cause a significant risk to our health. 过度劳作和缺少睡眠对健康构成极大的威胁。

For example, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is taking precautions at home besides its activities abroad.

例如，美国疾病预防控制中心不仅在国外采取行动，在国内也是如此。这个中心是个统称概念，内有很多不同类别的分中心，所以在机构名称里用了复数。但是，对于一个机构而言，整个名称为单位概念，所以谓语动词用的是单数形式 is。take precautions 采取预防措施。例如：You must take all reasonable precautions to protect yourself and your family. 你必须采取合理的预防措施来保护自己和家人。at home 在国 内。例如：Alibaba at home and abroad has become a mature brand, and its real prices are rapidly rising. 阿里巴巴在国内和国外已经成为一个成熟的品牌，它的价值正在迅速提升。besides its activities abroad 中的 its 指的是 CDC。

CDC's experience of working with Ebola is important to the World Health Organization's growing West Africa Ebola response.

美国疾病预防控制中心应对埃博拉的经验，对世界卫生组织在西非地区越发努力地抗击埃博拉疫情而言至关重要。work with 应对，处理。现在分词 growing 修饰句末的名词 response。

There is a window of opportunity to do so — the challenge is to scale up the massive response needed to stop this outbreak.

这样做已经打开了一扇机遇之窗，而挑战在于大幅扩大应急响应规模以阻止疫情。scale up 增加，增大。例如：My company is scaling up its operations in the Middle East. 我公司正在扩大中东的业务。needed to stop this outbreak 为定语，修饰 the massive response，可改为定语从句 the massive response which is needed to stop this outbreak。

CDC's response to Ebola is the largest international outbreak response in CDC's history with over 100 disease specialists on the ground in West Africa, supported by hundreds of public health emergency response experts stateside, activated at Level 1, its highest level ...

美国疾病预防控制中心对埃博拉疫情的应对是其历史上规模最大的国际疫情暴发响应，超过 100 名疾病专家在西非进行实地工作，数百名突发公共卫生事件应对专家在美国本土后援支持， 应急响应为一级，是最高级别…… on the ground 意为“实地”。

The CDC supports affected countries to establish Emergency Operations Centers at national and local levels and helps countries track the epidemic including using real-time data to improve real-time response.

疾病预防控制中心支持疫情蔓延的国家建立国家级与地方 级的紧急行动中心，运用实时数据以提高这些国家的实时应急能力，帮助这些国家监控疫情。 affected 受影响的，被感染的。track 跟踪，追踪，监控。例如：Students' online performance needs to be tracked for assessment. 需要监控学生的在线学习行为，以作测评之用。

Efforts in West Africa to identify those infected and track people who have come into contact with them are improving.

西非在确认感染人群和追踪与他们有过接触的人群方面的 努力正在加强。句中 efforts ... with them 为主语部分，are improving 为谓语部分；who have come into contact with them 为定语从句，修饰 people；定语从句中的 them 指 those infected； 动词短语 come into contact with sb. 表示“接触，联系”。例如：Have you come into contact with (= touched or been very near) anyone with the disease? 你接触过患这种病的人吗？

The CDC is operating and supporting labs in the region to improve diagnosis and testing samples from people with suspected Ebola from around the world.

美国疾病预防控制中心在 这些地区运行并支持实验室，以加强诊断能力，检测全球携带疑似埃博拉病毒的人群的样本。 主语 the CDC 后接并列的动作“operating and supporting”与“testing”，testing 前省略了系 动词 is。