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俗话说“要透彻认识事物，一定要追本溯源”。了解“质量控制的历史”能够帮助我们更加深入的认识什么是质量控制。和我一起去学习一下吧。
阅读文章，并根据你的理解对文章段落进行排序。
The History of Quality Control
质量控制的历史
Quality control is a series of activities that ensure and improve the quality of products and services.
质量控制是一系列确保和提高产品质量及服务的行为。
AIf strong leadership is the term for managers in a quality environment, then
empowerment
is the key concept for workers in Deming's system. Improved education and training are key factors in reaching employees and making them believe that their increased participation in the work process is an
empowerment
/ɪmˈpaʊərmənt/
n. 给（某人） 做……的权力，授权，使自主
essential
part of improving quality.
essential
/ɪˈsenʃl/
adj. 必要的，必不可少的
Improved education and training are key factors in reaching employees and making them believe that their increased participation in the work process is an essential part of improving quality.
不断升级的教育与培训是凝聚员工的关键因素，可以使员工们坚信，自己 的积极参与是提高产品质量的重要环节。reaching 在本句中的意义较为抽象，可以引申理解为 “团结，打成一片，形成凝聚力”。
Involvement
participation, and teamwork are seen as absolute “must haves” if a quality workplace is to be created.involvement
/ɪnˈvɑːlvmənt/
n. 参与
如果在质量语境中强有力的领导是对经理们来说重要的字眼,那么在戴明的体系中赋权就是对员工来说最核心的概念。不断升级的教育与培训是凝聚员工的关键因素，可以使使员工们坚信自己的积极参与是提高产品质量的重要环节。如果要创造高质量的工作环境，员工介入、员工参与、以及团队合作是绝对的“必要条件”。
BAnother important principle of Deming's beliefs was that upper management should be responsible for quality failures. He strongly believed that it was possible for the workers to work hard to produce the highest quality products if they were given the right tools and working environment. In Deming's own words, “ the basic cause of sickness in American industry and the resulting unemployment is a failure of top management to manage.” He believed that strong leadership led to a motivated work force.
另一个戴明理论中的重要原则是高层管理应该对质量失误负责。他深信工人们如果拥有恰当的工具和工作环境，他们能够努力工作制造出高质量的产品。用戴明的原话来说就是“导致美国工业弊病以及由此带来的失业的首要原因是顶层管理的失败”。他坚信强有力的领导会形成有活力的工作团队。
CThe Japanese were the first to use Deming's Fourteen Points, and made great success. As an example, one Japanese factory doubled production in just one year and was expecting to gain an additional 25 percent improvement the following year, with no increase in the amount of working hours. All this happened as a result of simply improving quality. It was in the late 1970s that American manufacturing factories realized that quality control was a significant issue. By that time, Japanese firms such as Honda and Sony were taking over large
portions
of the American consumer market while it took most American firms until the 1990s to put quality control practices in place.portion
/ˈpɔːrʃn/
n. 部分
最早实践戴明十四要点的是日本人，并且他们取得了巨大的成功。举一个例子，一个日本工厂在一年内将产量翻了一番，并且下一年在不增加工作时间的情况下将获得额外25%的产能增加。所有这些得以实现不过是由于提高了质量而已。1970年代晚期美国的制造业工厂才意识到质量控制是一个重大问题。在那时，像本田和索尼这样的日本公司已经占领了大部分的美国消费者市场，而大多数美国公司直到1990年代才开始实行质量控制。
DThe term “quality control” came into common use in the 1950s because of W. Edward Deming. His “Fourteen Points” have become the bible for quality control specialists.
When the post-war world returned to regular
Instead, he proposed a process known as “
His “Fourteen Points” have become the bible for quality control specialists.
他的“十四要点” 已经成为质量控制专业人士的宝典。这里使用现在完成时态表示戴明的思想对今天的质量控制 依然有着深远的影响力。bible 本义是“圣经”，可以引申为“经典，理论根基”，此处用来 比喻“十四要点”在质量控制领域的重要意义。
manufacturing
, Deming said that inspecting product quality after they were made was
manufacturing
/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərɪŋ/
n. 制造业 （大批量生产商品的行业）
unacceptable
.
unacceptable
/ˌʌnəkˈseptəbl/
adj. 不能接受（或 同意、允许）的
When the post-war world returned to regular manufacturing, Deming said that inspecting product quality after they were made was unacceptable.
当战后世界恢复正常生产时，戴明 提出，在制造完成后再检查产品质量是不可接受的。此句 Deming said 后为间接引语（indirectspeech），用连词 that 引出被转述的某人的话或想法，在非正式的语境中 that 也可省略。例如： John said he had found out what was wrong with the computer. 约翰说，他弄清楚了计算机的问 题所在。
statistical
quality control”. It would use closely monitored performance measures to control quality while a product was being made. The goal of statistical quality control was to gather data that would allow for the constant improvement of manufacturing processes. This would in turn improve quality control.statistical
/stəˈtɪstɪkl/
adj. 数据的，统计的
由于威廉·爱德华兹·戴明，“质量控制”这个术语在1950年代开始广泛使用。他的“十四要点”已经成为了质量控制专业人士的宝典。当战后世界恢复正常生产时，戴明提出在制造完成后再检查产品质量是不可接受的。相反，他提出了被称为“统计质量管理”的一个流程。它会在产品生产过程中严密监控绩效指标从而控制质量。统计质量控制的目标在于收集数据以利于不断地改进制造工艺。这将反过来提高质量控制。
The correct order is:
1. 正确答案：D
2. 正确答案：B
3. 正确答案：A
4. 正确答案：C
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Workplace Tip
Total Quality Management is defined as a continuous effort by the management as well as employees of a particular organization to ensure long term customer loyalty( 忠诚度 ) and customer satisfaction.
最后修改: 2020年03月12日 Thursday 14:02
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