
建议学时:1.5学时
A computer program, “Cepheus”, has solved the game of poker. The Computer Poker Research Group (CPRG) created Cepheus. It claims Cepheus can not only play poker, but also beat human opponents.
一个名为“Cepheus”(仙王座)得计算机程序已经解决了扑克游戏的问题。计算机扑克研究小组(简称CPRG)创建了Cepheus程序。它声称,Cepheus不仅可以打扑克牌,还可以打败人类对手。
Games, such as poker and chess, have been used as test beds. New concepts in artificial intelligence are being developed. Past successes in this field include IBM's Deep Blue. It defeated world champion Garry Kasparov in chess.
不同的游戏,比如说扑克和国际象棋,已经被用作试验品。人工智能方面的新概念在不断发展。过去在这一领域的成功例子包括IBM(美国国际商用机器公司)的“深蓝”超级电脑。它打败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。
Poker brings special challenges to artificial intelligence researchers. The players — human or computer — don't know about the past events. They can't see the cards in the hands of their opponents.
扑克给人工智能的研究者带来特殊挑战。玩家—人类或电脑---对过去的比赛项目不太了解。他们看不见对手手中的牌。
The CPRG determined that any game could be solved. Over the course of a lifetime, it could be played with 95 percent confidence. To test Cepheus with poker, the computer was trained for two months with more than 4,000 CPUs in use. Each CPU considered more than 6 billion hands of poker. That amounted to more poker than has been played by the entire human race. From each hand, Cepheus was able to improve its play. It can refine its choices to get closer to finding the best possible solution.
CPRG确定任何游戏问题都能被解决。在游戏有效期内,你可以带着95%的信心进行游戏。为了用扑克来测试Cepheus,计算机接受了两个月的培训,使用4000多个CPU(中央处理器)。每个CPU要考虑超过60亿手的扑克。那比全人类玩的扑克还要多。从每一手牌中,Cepheus能够提高它的牌艺。它能调整自身选项以尽可能找到最佳解决方案。
In developing Cepheus, the CPRG's goal was not to beat all human players and win the World Series of Poker. This technology is just one way to make a computer actually “think”.
在发展Cepheus的过程中,CPRG的目标不是要打败所有的人类玩家并赢得世界扑克大赛冠军。这项技术只是让计算机真正“思考”的一种方法。
The next step for Cepheus will likely involve more hands of poker. More players are added. That will add more computation problems.
Cepheus的下一步将可能涉及更多的扑克牌。更多的玩家会被增加。那样将增加更多的计算问题。
Cepheus thus far has proved its prowess with cards. But what it does next will be limited by today's computational capabilities. Computational power within the CPU/GPU, storage and RAM has continued to evolve. It allows for more complex supercomputing, software programming and problem solving. This allows the computer to learn. In the case of an unbeatable poker program, the computer would have to learn every possible move in every possible given situation.Then it would draw on its database to know the possible best move to make to win.
到目前为止,Cepheus已证明其纸牌实力。但下一步它要怎么做,将受到今天的计算能力限制。CPU(中央处理器)/GPU(图形处理器)内部的计算能力、存储器和RAM(随机存储器)不断进化。它允许更复杂的超级计算、软件编程和问题解决。这让电脑学习。在这个不可匹敌的扑克程序里,计算机必须学会在所有既定情境中的各种可能步骤。然后,它会利用数据库获取赢得游戏的最佳可行策略。
opponent /əˈpoʊnənt/
n. 对手,反对者
test bed
试验品
artificial intelligence
人工智能
hand /hænd/
n. (分给游戏者的)一手牌;手;协助,帮助
vt. 传递,交给
CPU
n. (电脑)中央处理器
amount to
共计;相当于
refine /rɪˈfaɪn/
vt. 改善,提炼
computation /ˌkɑːmpjuˈteɪʃn/
n. 计算,估计
prowess /ˈpraʊəs/
n. 高超技艺
storage /ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/
n. 储存,贮藏,贮存器
evolve / iˈvɑːlv/
vt. & vi. (使)发展,(使)进化
supercomputing /ˌsuːpərkəmpˈjuːtɪŋ/
n. 超级计算
unbeatable /ʌnˈbiːtəbl/
adj. 打不垮的,不可摧毁的
database /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/
n. 数据库,信息库
It claims Cepheus can not only play poker, but also beat human opponents. 它声称,Cepheus不仅可以打扑克牌,还可以打败人类对手。
beat 击败,打败。
例如:Their team beat ours by a large score. 他们队以大比分打败了我们队。
New concepts in artificial intelligence are being developed. 人工智能方面的新概念在不断发展。
句中are being developed 是现在进行时的被动语态,结构为“主语+ is / are being + 动词的过去分词”,表示某事正在被做。
例如:My car is being repaired in the garage. 我的车正在修理厂维修。
That amounted to more poker than has been played by the entire human race. 那比全人类玩的扑克还要多。
amount to 共计;相当于。
例如:Ideas without action amount to nothing. 没有付诸实践的想法等于零。
It can refine its choices to get closer to finding the best possible solution. 它能调整自身选项以
尽可能找到最佳解决方案。refine 改善,提炼。例如:We will continue to refine the meter as we get better data. 一旦我们获得更准确的数据,我们就会继续改进计量器。
get close to 接近,靠近,后跟名词或动名词短语。
例如:He is frustrated because he is getting very close to passing the exam this time. 他很沮丧,因为这次他差一点儿就能通过考试了。
In the case of an unbeatable poker program, the computer would have to learn every possible move in every possible given situation. 在这个不可匹敌的扑克程序里,计算机必须学会在所有既定情境中的各种可能步骤。
in the case of … 在……情况下。
例如:In the case of a car accident, the driver would have to be responsible for the loss. 在这个交通事故中,司机要对损失负责。
Then it would draw on its database to know the possible best move to make to win. 然后,它会利用数据库获取赢得游戏的最佳可行策略。
draw on 利用,凭借。
例如:He drew on his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary program. 他凭借曾经做过快艇驾驶员的经验制作了一档纪实节目。
v
Thanks to the key advances in artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能), the world of computer games has been revolutionized in the past decade.
Computer games in the future will focus on making AI even smarter so it is easier to use and more adaptable for games programmers.
For those playing the games, it will mean the computer-controlled non-player characters (NPCs) will be smarter and more human-like in their behavior, leading to a better gaming experience.
It will lead to a more robust type of intelligent behavior. For players of video games it has the potential to give NPCs the “wow factor” as they behave in more human-like and realistic ways, taking the player by surprise with their intelligence.
In developing Cepheus, the CPRG's goal was not to beat all human players and win the World Series of Poker. 在开发Cepheus 游戏时,计算机扑克游戏研究集团的目的不是打败所有人类玩家并赢得世界扑克系列游戏比赛。
• 动词后加-ing 可构成动名词。动名词短语在句中可作宾语。上句中的developing Cepheus 作介词in 的宾语。又如:
They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend.
• She hates speaking in public.